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4. Implementation of the analysis step
5. Adding memory and timing information

• Implementation of the analysis for LSEIK

Implementation of the Analysis step for the SEIK filter

Overview

For the analysis step of the SEIK filter different operations related to the observations are needed. These operations are requested by PDAF by calling user-supplied routines. Intentionally, the operations are split into separate routines in order to keep the operations rather elementary. This procedure should simplify the implementation. The names of the required routines are specified in the call to the routine PDAF_put_state_seik that was discussed before. With regard to the parallelization, all these routines are executed by the filter processes (filterpe=1) only.

For completeness we discuss here all user-supplied routines that are specified in the interface to PDAF_put_state_seik. Thus, some of the user-supplied that are explained on the page explaining the modification of the model code for the ensemlbe integration are repeated here.

PDAF_put_state_seik

The general espects of the filter specific routines PDAF_put_state_* have been described on the page Modification of the model core for the ensemble integration. Here, we list once more the full interface. Subsequently, the full set of user-supplied routines specified in the call to PDAF_put_state_seik is explained.

The interface when using the SEIK filter is the following:

  SUBROUTINE PDAF_put_state_seik(U_collect_state, U_init_dim_obs, U_obs_op, &
                                 U_init_obs, U_prepoststep, U_prodRinvA, U_init_obsvar, status)

with the following arguments:

• U_collect_state: The name of the user-supplied routine that initializes a state vector from the array holding the ensembel of model states from the model fields. This is basically the inverse operation to U_distribute_state used in PDAF_get_state
• U_init_dim_obs: The name of the user-supplied routine that provides the size of observation vector
• U_obs_op: The name of the user-supplied routine that acts as the observation operator on some state vector
• U_init_obs: The name of the user-supplied routine that initializes the vector of observations
• U_prepoststep: The name of the pre/poststep routine as in PDAF_get_state
• U_prodRinvA: The name of the user-supplied routine that computes the product of the inverse of the observation error covariance matrix with some matrix provided to the routine by PDAF. This operation occurs during the analysis step of the SEIK filter.
• U_init_obsvar: The name of the user-supplied routine that provides a mean observation error variance to PDAF (This routine will only be executed, if an adaptive forgetting factor is used)
• status: The integer status flag. It is zero, if PDAF_get_state is exited without errors.

User-supplied routines

Here all user-supplied routines are described that are required in the call to PDAF_put_state_seik. For some of the generic routines, we link to the page on modifying the model code for the ensemble integration.

To indicate user-supplied routines we use the prefix U_. In the template directory templates/ these routines are provided in files with the routines name without this prefix. In the example implementation in testsuite/src/dummymodel_1D the routines exist without the prefix, but with the extension _dummy_D.F90. In the section titles below we provide the name of the template file in parentheses.

U_collect_state (collect_state.F90)

This routine is independent from the filter algorithm used. See here for the description of this routine.

U_init_dim_obs (init_dim_obs.F90)

This routine is used by all global filter algorithms (SEEK, SEIK, EnKF, ETKF).

The interface for this routine is:

SUBROUTINE init_dim_obs(step, dim_obs_p)

  INTEGER, INTENT(in)  :: step       ! Current time step
  INTEGER, INTENT(out) :: dim_obs_p  ! Dimension of observation vector

The routine is called at the beginning of each analysis step. It has to initialize the size dim_obs_p of the observation vector according to the current time step. Without parallelization dim_obs_p will be the size for the full model domain. When a domain-decomposed model is used, dim_obs_p will be the size of the observation vector for the sub-domain of the calling process.

Some hints:

• It can be useful to not only determine the size of the observation vector is determined at this point. One can also already gather information about the locations of the observations, which will be used later, e.g. to implement the observation operator. An array for the locations can be defined in a module like mod_assimilation.

U_obs_op (obs_op.F90)

This routine is used by all global filter algorithms (SEEK, SEIK, EnKF, ETKF).

The interface for this routine is:

SUBROUTINE obs_op(step, dim_p, dim_obs_p, state_p, m_state_p)

  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: step               ! Currrent time step
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: dim_p              ! PE-local dimension of state
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: dim_obs_p          ! Dimension of observed state
  REAL, INTENT(in)    :: state_p(dim_p)     ! PE-local model state
  REAL, INTENT(out) :: m_state_p(dim_obs_p) ! PE-local observed state

The routine is called during the analysis step. It has to perform the operation of the observation operator acting on a state vector that is provided as state_p. The observed state has to be returned in m_state_p.

For a model using domain decomposition, the operation is on the PE-local sub-domain of the model and has to provide the observed sub-state for the PE-local domain.

Hint:

• If the observation operator involves a global operation, e.g. some global integration, while using domain-decompostion one has to gather the information from the other model domains using MPI communication.

U_init_obs (init_obs.F90)

This routine is used by all global filter algorithms (SEEK, SEIK, EnKF, ETKF).

The interface for this routine is:

SUBROUTINE init_obs(step, dim_obs_p, observation_p)

  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: step             ! Current time step
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: dim_obs_p        ! PE-local dimension of obs. vector
  REAL, INTENT(out)   :: observation_p(dim_obs_p) ! PE-local observation vector

The routine is called during the analysis step. It has to provide the vector of observations in observation_p for the current time step.

For a model using domain decomposition, the vector of observations that exist on the model sub-domain for the calling process has to be initialized.

U_prepoststep (prepoststep_seik.F90)

See here for the description of this routine.

U_prodRinvA (prodrinva.F90)

This routine is used by all filters whose algorithm uses the inverse of the observation error covariance matrix (SEEK, SEIK, and ETKF).

The interface for this routine is:

SUBROUTINE prodRinvA(step, dim_obs_p, rank, obs_p, A_p, C_p)

  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: step                ! Current time step
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: dim_obs_p           ! PE-local dimension of obs. vector
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: rank                ! Rank of initial covariance matrix
  REAL, INTENT(in)    :: obs_p(dim_obs_p)    ! PE-local vector of observations
  REAL, INTENT(in)    :: A_p(dim_obs_p,rank) ! Input matrix from analysis routine
  REAL, INTENT(out)   :: C_p(dim_obs_p,rank) ! Output matrix

The routine is called during the analysis step. In the algorithms the product of the inverse of the observation error covariance matrix with some matrix has to be computed. For the SEIK filter this matrix holds the observed part of the ensemble perturbations. The matrix is provided as A_p. The product has to be given as C_p.

For a model with domain decomposition, A_p contains the part of the matrix that resides on the model sub-domain of the calling process. The product has to be computed for this sub-domain, too.

Hints:

• the routine does not require that the product is implemented as a real matrix-matrix product. Rather, the product can be implemented in its most efficient form. For example, if the observation error covariance matrix is diagonal, only the multiplication of the diagonal with matrix A_p has to be implemented.
• The observation vector obs_p is provided through the interface for cases where the observation error variance is relative to the actual value of the observations.

U_init_obsvar (init_obsvar.F90)

This routine is used by the global filter algorithms SEIK and ETKF as well as the local filters LSEIK and LETKF. The routine is only called if the adaptive forgetting factor is used (type_forget=1 in the example impementation).

The interface for this routine is:

SUBROUTINE init_obsvar(step, dim_obs_p, obs_p, meanvar)

  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: step          ! Current time step
  INTEGER, INTENT(in) :: dim_obs_p     ! PE-local dimension of observation vector
  REAL, INTENT(in) :: obs_p(dim_obs_p) ! PE-local observation vector
  REAL, INTENT(out)   :: meanvar       ! Mean observation error variance

The routine is called in the global filters during the analysis or by the routine that computes an adaptive forgetting factor (PDAF_set_forget). The routine has to initialize the mean observation error variance. For the global filters this should be the global mean.

Hints:

• For a model with domain-decomposition one might use the mean variance for the model sub-domain of the calling process. Alternatively one can compute a mean variance for the full model domain using MPI communication (e.g. the function MPI_allreduce).
• The observation vector obs_p is provided to the rotine for the case that the observation error variance is relative to the value of the observations.